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Each horizontal line represents a single country. The two dots on that line show the change between two points in time. Grey Dots: Represent the starting point (Year 2000). Green/Red Dots: Represent the ending point (Year 2024). Green means the country's score or influence increased since 2000 if red the opposite.

Data Source: IMF DOTS | Methodology: Eigenvector centrality; measures not just how connected you are, but how important your partners are. A country is influential if; it trades with many countries & those countries themselves are influential. This method identifies countries that are central to the trade system not just because they trade a lot, but because they are connected to other important trading countries. When your score is low, you are often an "Endpoint." You import finished goods or export raw materials. Trade is a one-way street. A high score means you are a "Throughway." Components enter your border, are processed, and then exit to a third country.

Structural Comparison: Trade Positioning

Feature	Vietnam (Central)	India / Pakistan (Peripheral)
FDI Type	Efficiency-seeking (export-oriented manufacturing)	Market-seeking (domestic consumption driven)
Shock Absorption	High (diversified trade partners enable rapid re-routing)	Low (reliance on limited trade corridors)
Technology Transfer	High (embedded within global value chains)	Low (limited spillovers beyond final-stage production)